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Clearly, a definitive link cannot be established in this clinico-pathological series, but our findings support the need for further systematic investigation, including large-scale case–control studies to identify at risk groups of footballers which will justify for the implementation of protective strategies.įirst reported as ‘punch drunk syndrome’ in boxers, the long-term neurodegenerative consequence of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rTBI) is now known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).
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Association football is the most popular sport in the world and the potential link between repetitive head impacts from playing football and CTE as indicated from our findings is of considerable public health interest. Alzheimer’s disease and TDP-43 pathologies are common concomitant findings in CTE, both of which are increasingly considered as part of the CTE pathological entity in older individuals. This finding is probably related to their past prolonged exposure to repetitive head impacts from head-to-player collisions and heading the ball thousands of time throughout their careers. The pathological diagnosis of CTE was established in four individuals according to the latest consensus diagnostic criteria. Four cases had pathologically confirmed CTE concomitant pathologies included Alzheimer’s disease ( N = 6), TDP-43 ( N = 6), cerebral amyloid angiopathy ( N = 5), hippocampal sclerosis ( N = 2), corticobasal degeneration ( N = 1), dementia with Lewy bodies ( N = 1), and vascular pathology ( N = 1) and all would have contributed synergistically to the clinical manifestations. Neuropathological examination revealed septal abnormalities in all six post-mortem cases, supportive of a history of chronic repetitive head impacts. All cases developed progressive cognitive impairment with an average age at onset of 63.6 years and disease duration of 10 years. Concussion rate was limited in six cases to one episode each during their careers. All were skilled headers of the ball and had played football for an average of 26 years.
#Head soccer 2016 2017 professional
Of the 14 male participants, 13 were professional and 1 was a committed amateur. Next-of-kin provided consent for six to have post-mortem brain examination. Their clinical data, playing career, and concussion history were prospectively collected. From 1980 to 2010, 14 retired footballers with dementia were followed up regularly until death. Installing app updates can cause a loss of previously stored data and statistics.In retired professional association football (soccer) players with a past history of repetitive head impacts, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a potential neurodegenerative cause of dementia and motor impairments.Choose from famous real-life soccer players.The overall look of the digital players and the game in general is that off a cartoon, but it is incredibly fun to play and to watch. Among the potential players are Lio Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, Andres Iniesta, and Sergio Ramos. Because there are virtually no rules regarding this, both of the plays are rather battered looking by the end of the game.Īnother enjoyable feature of Head Soccer La Liga is that users can pick from some of the top players in the La Liga BBVA to represent them. One particularly fun aspect of Head Soccer La Liga is the fact that the two players on the digital field are allowed to engage in some pretty intense physical contact while they compete to see who can score more goals than the other. There is a third button that controls any special moves that the player needs to make in an effort to win the game. One button commands the digital player to jump and hit the soccer ball with his head, while another makes him attempt to shoot a goal or hit his opponent. Head Soccer La Liga players have access to some basic controls that control three main functions with their digital counterparts. The defining characteristic of this game is that the virtual players play one-on-one soccer games instead of participating in team play like those in other soccer gaming apps.
#Head soccer 2016 2017 for android
Head Soccer La Liga is a soccer gaming app with a long tradition of providing entertainment for Android users.